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Men’s Rights Myth: The Pay Gap between men and women doesn’t exist, but if it does, it’s because women choose to take lesser paying jobs, or because they decide to have kids, or because men work more dangerous jobs, or something.
The Truth: It’s complicated. Some of those things do make a difference. But no matter how you crunch the numbers or spin the results, there is a persistent pay gap between men and women that can’t be explained away by life choices or any of the other factors that MRAs and others suggest may “really” account for the differences.
You want the gory details? Check out these articles, studies and blog posts.
AAUW (American Association of University Women): The Gender Pay Gap
Women have made remarkable strides in education during the past three decades, but these gains have yet to translate into full equity in pay — even for college-educated women who work full time. A typical college-educated woman 25 years and older working full time earns $50,000 a year compared to $70,000 for college-educated male workers 25 years and older — a difference of $20,000! …
For the entire full-time workforce, a typical woman earned $35,745 compared with $46,367 for a typical man, a pay difference of $10,622.
EXAMINING THE CRACKS IN THE CEILING: A SURVEY OF CORPORATE DIVERSITY PRACTICES OF THE S&P 100 (Calvert investments)
The “Glass Ceiling” is still a problem (emphasis added):
We remain disheartened by the glacial pace at which women and minorities are reaching the upper echelons of power. … Of the 100 CEOs represented [in the S&P 100], 92 are Caucasian males. While women make up approximately 18% of director positions within the S&P 100, they represent only 8.4% of the highest paid positions within the same group of companies, positions that provide the opportunities to develop the expertise and networks needed for future board-level appointments.
Why Do Women Still Earn Less Than Men? by Laura Fitzpatrick (Time magazine)
U.S. women still earned only 77 cents on the male dollar in 2008, according to the latest census statistics. (That number drops to 68% for African-American women and 58% for Latinas.) …
Once you control for factors like education and experience … women’s earnings rise to 81% of men’s. Factor in occupation, industry and whether they belong to a union, and they jump to 91%. That’s partly because women tend to cluster in lower-paying fields. …
But industry doesn’t tell the whole story. Women earned less than men in all 20 industries and 25 occupation groups surveyed by the Census Bureau in 2007 … Female secretaries … earn just 83.4% as much as male ones. And those who pick male-dominated fields earn less than men too: female truck drivers … earn just 76.5% of the weekly pay of their male counterparts.
Women’s Earnings: Work Patterns Partially Explain Difference between Men’s and Women’s Earnings (GAO report, 2003) (Emphasis added)
Of the many factors that account for differences in earnings between men and women, our model indicated that work patterns are key. Specifically, women have fewer years of work experience, work fewer hours per year, are less likely to work a full-time schedule, and leave the labor force for longer periods of time than men. Other factors that account for earnings differences include industry, occupation, race, marital status, and job tenure. When we account for differences between male and female work patterns as well as other key factors, women earned, on average, 80 percent of what men earned in 2000. While the difference fluctuated in each year we studied, there was a small but statistically significant decline in the earnings difference over the time period. Even after accounting for key factors that affect earnings, our model could not explain all of the difference in earnings between men and women. … we cannot determine whether this remaining difference is due to discrimination or other factors that may affect earnings.
Blaming Women’s Choices for the Gender Pay Gap, by Hilary M. Lips
The language attributing women’s lower pay to their own lifestyle choices is seductive—in an era when women are widely believed to have overcome the most serious forms of discrimination … Women work in lower-paid occupations; on average they work fewer paid hours per week and fewer paid weeks per year than men do; their employment is more likely than men’s to be discontinuous. …
However, a closer look reveals that the language of “choice” obscures larger social forces that maintain the wage gap and the very real constraints under which women labor. The impact of discrimination, far from being limited to the portion of the wage gap that cannot be accounted for by women’s choices, is actually deeply embedded in and constrains these choices.
See also:
The Gender Wage Gap: Debunking the Rationalizations, by Hilary M. Lips
Confronting the Gender Gap in Wages, by Deborah Kolb, Judith Williams, and Carol Frohlinger
Barry Deutsch at Alas, a blog has written a series of excellent posts analyzing various antifeminist pay gap myths. Let’s take a look at some of the highlights:
Wage Gap Myth: The pay gap only exists because men work so many more hours than women.
[T]he argument is generally that the pay gap … has nothing to do with discrimination. … Women are paid less because they work so many fewer hours …
According to a [Department of Labor] web page in 2001 … comparing only hourly wages, women were paid 83.2% of what men were paid in 2000. 83.2% is a noticible difference from the 76% figure for weekly full-time wages – but it still leaves the majority of the pay gap unaccounted for.
Myth: The pay gap only exists because women take time off from work to raise kids.
[T]he average female worker has 12.79 years of full-time experience, while the average male worker has 17.41. This difference accounted for between 26% and 30% of the total wage gap.
Myth: The pay gap only exists because women haven’t been in the workplace as long as men
In this view, the pay gap is only still around because women only recently entered the workforce; as such, women haven’t had as much time to work their way up the employment ladder to the well-paid positions. …
[E]xactly how long must we wait…? A woman who had been in the workforce five years when the Equal Pay Act was passed [in 1963] might well be retired by now, and the pay gap still hasn’t gone away.
Myth: The best way to measure the pay gap is to consider only the young and the childless
[T]he effects of discrimination add up over a lifetime. So, for example, losing a single job offer or promotion usually won’t make a big difference; but dozens of such small losses over the course of women’s careers eventually add up to a big wage gap.
Some industries have, in effect, saved money by gradually replacing a male work force with a female work force. But there are many reasons employers might retain a male workforce, even though … men are paid more on average.
[E]xamples that clearly demonstrate that economic discrimination against women, contrary to the claims of the anti-feminists, is a real problem.
Myth: The Wage Gap is Caused by Men’s Higher Pay for Dangerous Jobs
It’s true that men are much more likely to die or to be injured on the job than women. Surely no one would be willing to risk their life without getting paid a premium for it; and no reasonable person would argue that extra pay for extra danger is unjust. …
The problem is, there is no premium for dangerous jobs. And since the “danger premium” doesn’t really exist, it can’t explain the wage gap.
Myth: The CONSAD report clearly refutes the notion that there is pay discrimination
There are important kinds of direct employer discrimination which CONSAD’s methods cannot measure or disprove. For example, some employers are more likely to hire women to lower-paid positions and men to higher-paid positions. (Empirical testing – by sending male and female testers to apply for the same jobs — has proven that this sort of sexist occupational sorting sometimes happens.) …
[P]robably the most important kind of sexism going into the wage gap is the sexism of unquestioned assumptions; unquestioned assumptions about who does the housework, unquestioned assumptions about who does the child-rearing, unquestioned assumptions about innate ability, and most of all, unquestioned assumptions about how jobs are designed for people with wives at home.
I call this last factor the “Father Knows Best” economy; most jobs implicitly assume that workers have wives at home who are taking care of the kids and house, so that these responsibilities never need to be accommodated by employers. Maybe that assumption made sense half a century ago, but it doesn’t make sense now; and by continuing to implicitly make this assumption, our economy is making it unfairly difficult for caretakers (who are usually women) to have careers.
>The significantly higher wage for (most, at that time, not all) men happened first in England around the turn of the 19th century when the trade unions fought for and obtained what was then known as the "family wage" for the traditional breadwinner. The higher wages earned by men as the traditional breadwiner (and, at first, the higher wages were only earned by married men supporting a family) were intended to be a wage that factored in not only his work but her unpaid domestic work. Employment that was open to women, such as domestic work for other households, commanded a lower wage than a man's unskilled labour job because the wage from her job was seen as supplementary only, not required to sustain a family. Over the years, the higher wage was extended to include all men, not just the ones who were married and had a family. Some, but not all, women at that time were avid supporters of the family wage concept (widows supporting a family, for instance, did not support the family wage model).The "traditional breadwinner" model also has much to do with the reason companies would hire men in the first place, even if they could get away with paying a woman who has equal experience and education to a man less money for the same position.Over time the principles behind the "family wage" have become largely forgotten, but the wage gap between "traditional" men's work and "traditional" women's work still persists. Some women are trying to sustain a family on a wage that reflects the "supplementary income" wage status of the job from bygone years.And men who view housewives as being on a lifetime holiday, etc., at their expense have forgotten that the wage that they receive now is based on a wage that originally factored in housewives' unpaid work.
>@PAMAnd what has this all what you write here about the 19th century to do with the (non-existing) salary gap of the year 2010?Identify and name a company which pays more for men than for women for exactly the SAME work.Go ahead!PAM: … the wage gap between "traditional" men's work and "traditional" women's work still persistsWhere does it persist? Prove it! Let us know those companies.
>Quite right, Yohan, we should ignore the antecedents behind the wage gap between occupations considered traditionally men's work and women's work so men can continue to think that it's because traditional men's work is dirtier, more difficult, more important, etc., and that women who choose to be housewives are parasites, leeching off a wage that was always solely intended for him.I'm not privy to the wages earned by every individual in every company, but thanks for thinking that I'm that omnipotent.Where does it persist? Let's take the above-mentioned examples of sanitation worker and day-care worker:Starting salaries for day care workers are usually around $15,000 per year. The average day care worker salary is just over $19,000 per year.Child care workers' starting salaries are usually around $16,000, while the average employee earns closer to $20,000 per year. More experienced childcare workers can earn upwards of $23,000 per year.The average sanitation worker salary is approximately $34,000 per year, although this figure is expected to rise steadily over the next 10 years.The highest-paid garbage men earn upwards of $66,000 per year.
>PamSingle women out earn single men as a group. Women are on average paid more than men and really, do you think that sanitation and childcare are comparable, if both were paying the same wage, which one would you chose? Id chose child care, any and everyday of the week.
>and there you see choice, women tend not to chose lower order jobs like sanitation. The jobs are there for the taking but we dont see women taking them, instead we see complaining about a sexist wage gap that doesnt exist and the arrogent assumption that the men in societies least pleasant jobs shouldn't be compensated for for working in those conditions, if those jobs didn't pay reasonably well, we would have to force people into them.
>This reminds me, does anyone remember what happened when cleaning work was equalized with laboring building work in Canada? Builders moved into cleaning for obvious reasons, safer, cleaner, easier and out of the weather. Cleaners didnt moved into building, the surplus of cleaners drove the wages back down and the shortage of builders laborers drove the wages up.
>Eoghan,Only in specific situations:"A new study that finds young women are outearning men is pinging around the internet. The pay of young, single, and childless women between age 22 and 30, it reports, has “caught up and [is] now exceeding men in most of America’s cities.” These women–a rather narrow demographic–earn about 8% more, on average, than their male peers, according to Reach Advisors, a consumer research company…However, there are some nuances to the findings. James Chung, president of the Reach Advisors, was kind enough to fill me in on the back story. The gender gap, he says, is evident in three contexts. Women earn more in cities with an abundance of knowledge-based jobs, which are magnets for the college-educated; where minorities are a majority share of the total population; and in areas with a decimated manufacturing base, which makes it harder for men with less education to earn a decent wage.In contrast, in areas with one dominant industry, as in some small towns, or in areas with male-dominated industries, men still outearn women…This brings up another possibility in explaining part of the gender gap: Perhaps the significant decline in the earnings of men with lower skills and less education has been far greater than the gains of women, thus widening the gap–in a dispiriting hollowing out of the middle."If both were paying the same wage, I'd choose sanitation any and every day of the week. Being around children all day??? Definitely not for me!!It's not simply a matter of choice. Sanitation workers, as with, say, firefighters, must meet a certain physical requirement that most women cannot meet. If those requirements were lowered so that more women could meet them and obtain jobs in those fields, then that would cause quite a stir, wouldn't it.
>"Sanitation workers actually earn surprisingly good wages, much better than domestic workers who also spend their time cleaning up other people's garbage."Bull fucking shit. I know women who get paid more than the top end of that scale for bagging groceries. In fact, garbage collectors make more than that."Gender neutrality maymandate that the occupations of sanitation worker and day care worker both be open tomen and women without bias, for example, but does nothing to rectify the largeimbalance in pay and benefits between the largely male occupation of sanitation workerand the largely female occupation of day care worker, despite the similar educational andtraining levels requirements for both positions, and the similarly low-skilled, somewhatphysical and dirty nature of the jobs performed by both.14" See, I asked you to show me an example of feminists pushing for more access for women to dirty, dangerous jobs and instead you show me feminists wanting women performing the objectively cleaner and safer job of day care work to get paid the same as men performing the objectively dirtier and more dangerous work of sanitation, not that sanitation workers even make that much more, contrary to your source which is outdated if not deliberately dishonest. So basically, in typical feminist fashion, they want to have their cake (working an objectively cleaner and safer job) and eat it too (get paid as if they were working the dirtier, more dangerous job).
>"Starting salaries for day care workers are usually around $15,000 per year. The average day care worker salary is just over $19,000 per year."The supply of people willing and able to do daycare work greatly outstrips demand, therefore the pay is low."The average sanitation worker salary is approximately $34,000 per year, although this figure is expected to rise steadily over the next 10 years."It will rise only because a higher population needs more sanitation workers, yet most people consider themselves above doing that kind of work. Therefore, as demand continues to rise faster than supply, wages go up. Only a moron would find this surprising."If both were paying the same wage, I'd choose sanitation any and every day of the week. Being around children all day??? Definitely not for me!!"As would I, but you have to admit that the vast majority of women would prefer looking after children; this is simply biological programming at work. Also, if you actually did work in sanitation for even one day you would wonder how the hell the men who do it could stand doing it 50 weeks a year and then take the added insult of being paid less than many secretaries. Of course few of them have the option of being secretaries instead since women are preferred for that job."It's not simply a matter of choice. Sanitation workers, as with, say, firefighters, must meet a certain physical requirement that most women cannot meet."This is reality; most women are not physically capable of doing certain jobs and no amount of legislation can ever change that. I'm a man and I also lack the necessary upper-body strength to be a firefighter, but I'm not such an entitlement princess as to think that reality should be ignored and the standards lowered just so I can have that job.
>PamThe physical requirements are there for a reason, as are educational requirements for other jobs, and women chose not to go into these jobs that dont have the physical requirements in any great numbers anyway. When they do, they are very expensive and less efficient yet still get paid the same as those capable. Equal pay for less work.There is no such thing as unpaid house work, there is house work that inst taxed directly but there is no such thing as unpaid house work. A man with a house wife and a taxable income of 500k pays tax for them both and she generally controls most of that and the will tend to spend more of that on herself than her partner will and is legally entitled to half of everything her partner make. Once you factor in non taxable male to female cash transfers and and subtract them from the mens wage and add them to the female wage you will see just how much money women actually have than men.Also, if someone is choosing to do house work instead of a career in, its their choice.End of the day, like gendered abuse the sexist wage gap doesn't exist, its just another feminist scam.If you pay close attention to what you said you will your double standard, you point out the fact that the education system is letting men down, and suggest thats why women are making more than men, because these jobs have educational requirements, logical enough… but then you point to jobs that have physical requirements as if they are proof of discrimination when in fact, the discrimination is to be found in the education gap AA and quotas, not the physical strength gap.
>So we have seen here thatChoice plays a large part in the wage "gap", women choosing child care over sanitation for example.Women at the top are paid more than men. – Women receive more pay for equal work.Feminists feel that at the bottom the physical requirements should be dropped to accommodate women – A request for equal pay for less work. Feminists feel that society's worst and most hazardous jobs should be equalized with much more pleasant, safe and easier ones – Another request for equal pay for less work.The wage gap of roughly .75/1 only exists if we pretend that house work is unpaid and that a family wage isn't divided in two. When we tell the truth about the family wage, the over all wage gap swings in the favour of women, which would explain where women get their extra disposable income that shows up in the spending gap. The time use survey shows that coupled women have more leisure time than the men they are coupled with. – More pay for less work.The AAUW is another self perpetuating feminist business profiting from the dissemination of victim propaganda.
>Cold said… The supply of people willing and able to do daycare work greatly outstrips demand, therefore the pay is low.Correct! Excellent argument!This can be said about any other job.For example to show up with an academic background looking for a job teaching history or Latin does not mean automatically that you will earn more than an experienced electrician or mechanic. There is no law, which says that a female with academic background MUST get a job and the employer MUST pay her an excellent salary under any circumstances. – Many women, after graduation, are pretty disappointed about available jobs and low salary offers.A good salary has nothing to do with your gender, but solely with supply and demand.This fact alone shows that the 'gender wage gap' is empty talk. If a company needs a few employees and many applicants show up, the salary will be low for sure – regardless if you are a man or a woman.
>David you published this"And those who pick male-dominated fields earn less than men too: female truck drivers … earn just 76.5% of the weekly pay of their male counterparts".You source is using a typical feminist trick and showing the over all average rather than the actual wages or else has chosen an exception in the category to mislead us. Motor vehicle operators, all otherAverage female wage $22,412 Average male wage $18,252 Female Motor vehicle operators, all/other are paid 23% more than their male counterparts.*Data based on 2003 Bureau of Labor Statistics usual weekly median earnings.Source here http://money.cnn.com/2006/02/28/commentary/everyday/sahadi_paytable/index.htm
>Nice job of twisting what I said in order that it fit your agenda, and you accuse feminists of using bullshit tactics.I did not point out the fact that the education system is letting men down, that is your take on the fact that there are more women graduating from college than men. Perhaps it's because more women than men have been enrolling at college/university for whatever reason, including men's "traditional" unskilled work being more highly paid than women's "traditional" unskilled work, whether or not the difference in pay is or seems to be justified.I realize that the physical requirements are there for a reason, and that's not what I am disputing. What I am disputing is what you (and so many other MRAs) spout off as fact, that being that women choose not to be, for instance, sanitation workers, when the truth of the matter is that this is a choice that is not open to most women (and quite a few men, I might add) due to physical requirements for the job. And I am in no way, shape or form advocating for reality to be ignored and to have physical requirements lowered for those jobs in order that those who do not currently meet those requirements might obtain those jobs. What I said was, "If those requirements were lowered so that more women could meet them and obtain jobs in those fields, then that would cause quite a stir, wouldn't it", and obviously it would. So how are are you now going to twist that to say that I (and all feminists, as it seems that what I say is said to be speaking for all feminists) am championing something to which MRAs are opposed."As would I, but you have to admit that the vast majority of women would prefer looking after children; this is simply biological programming at work."It's not just simply biological programming at work, it's an expectation that's been conditioned into women and men for YEARS. Being a man (I am assuming), saying that you would choose sanitation (for example) over working in child care wouldn't raise an eyebrow, people wouldn't be surprised at all, regardless of whether the wages were comparable or not…but try saying the reverse and you'd probably raise quite a few eyebrows. Being a woman, I have been on the receiving end of that opposite reaction. And do you not think that those expectations, chalked up to being biological programming, are a major force behind child custody being awarded more often than not to women when a marriage breaks down?"The supply of people willing and able to do daycare work greatly outstrips demand, therefore the pay is low."Actually, the demand for day care outstrips the supply, so the lower pay, at least in this particular case, is not a simple case of supply and demand."The time use survey shows that coupled women have more leisure time than the men they are coupled with. – More pay for less work."And in a footnote to the published findings of that survey (offhand I cannot recall the name of the man who published those findings), which very few people tend to look at, what was counted as leisure time at home were activities such as:bathing/showeringgetting dresseddriving to and from medical appointments for self or children, and driving children to and from recreational activitiesrunning errandsgoing to the bathroometc.Yep, going to the bathroom while at home is considered leisure time. Housework was deemed (and not by me!) "unpaid work" due to the fact that it doesn't bring earnings gained outside the home into the household economy, not just because it's not directly taxed. And yes, women did and some still do choose housework versus work outside the home because the daily household and child care tasks still largely default to women to perform even when they do work outside the home.
>PamWhen you mentioned the fact that far more women complete the education system you are talking about education system letting boys down/discriminating against them in favour of girls. Thats not my take, thats the take of the experts and thats whats happening, feminist magical thinking reduces it to nothing but the imagination of mras, but feminist magical thinking is not reality.The US time use survey shows that women have more leisure time, the European time use surveys show that american and Scandinavian women have more leisure time while most European countries show equality, same goes for developing world countries which busts another magical myth, women do not do 80% of the worlds work. Redefining the family wage as one wage that belongs entirely to the male is a utterly misleading. House work is worth at least 50% of the husbands wage.Click on my cnn link above to see that there are many jobs that women can chose in which they can out earn men, not just sanitation. House hold tasks are not the default of women, they are mainly the choice of many women, over half of women chose to retire or semi retire 5 – 15 years into their career, if they can afford to, which highlights the mobility and choice that women have and ability to access resources without engaging with the wage slave system. When women chose to stick with their career, chances are they will be paid more than their male colleagues.You need to stop looking at agenda driven feminist sources and thinking that they represent holy writ while dismissing genuine study to the contrary out of hand as a sort of heresy.UK gov. feminists have been reprimanded in the UK for misleading the public on wage gap and rape, Australian gov. feminists have been reprimanded for misleading the public on domestic violence, a female German politician has recently publicly dismissed the feminist position of wage gap in favour of what David calls "mra myths" but is really better defined as "the reliable research", the world is waking up from the ideological fog of feminist magical thinking and ideology driven research.
>And lowering physical requirements means that those that are capable end up carrying those that aren't. More work for men carrying the weaker ones, same pay for the weaker ones who are doing less work. Read Animal Farm and see the Boxer the work horse who worked himself to death for the illusion of the equality regime.People that cant pass the accountancy exams should be allowed to work in accountancy – thats same logic that feminist magical thinking promotes.The reality is women get more out and put less in than men, the whining from feminist ideologues about alleged victim-hood will only swing that even more in the favour of women.
>A quote"Feminism is the theory that men and women are equal in every respect–except for those in which women are superior. The trick is to interpret every social indicator as though it demonstrates arbitrary male privilege or genuine female superiority. Fortunately, a little bit of ignorance is all it takes to accomplish this feat."
>"You need to stop looking at agenda driven feminist sources and thinking that they represent holy writ while dismissing genuine study to the contrary out of hand as a sort of heresy."LOL!!! You who so readily and so easily misunderstands or miscontrues (as I don't know whether it's intentional or not) many things that I have said are an authority on what is genuine?"And lowering physical requirements means that those that are capable end up carrying those that aren't. More work for men carrying the weaker ones, same pay for the weaker ones who are doing less work"Why do you continue on about this as if I was advocating lowering physical requirements for jobs that have that have them as one of the criteria? Talk about not comprehending what I've said!!I do hope you're not putting forth that quote as if it came from a feminist source.
>David, have you read Warren Farrell's "Why Men Earn More"?He was once a chairman for NOW – that's the National Organization of Women – and walked off when their bigotry became too much to handle. Now he writes on behalf of men's and women's issues alike.Here's a link, since you seem to have trouble finding things: http://www.amazon.com/Why-Men-Earn-More-Startling/dp/0814472109Hopefully you won't find it too "patronizing" – just keep in mind that he used to be a lot like you.
>So far neither PAM, nor David or any other feminist can tell us any company, which pays less for work done by women than done by men.Just talking around the subject…If you can prove what you say, do it. Let us know, who is paying less according to gender.Otherwise you fail to verify your claim, that a gender wage gap exists.Eoghan: a female German politician has recently publicly dismissed the feminist position of wage gap in favour of what David calls "mra myths" Yes, this is true, the gender wage gap does not exist in Germany according to the Ministry of Family Affairs.The gender gap was carefully checked in Germany and the result of all complaints was 'nothing'. Any difference of salaries could be explained and had nothing to do with the gender.The findings were about as follows:1 – Women are working about 12 hours less per week than men, but they retire 5 years earlier than men.2 – Women are more frequently changing their jobs than men, and German companies often offer additional bonus-pay, if you work with them for many years.Many companies appreciate long-term employment.3 – Women are often overqualified, as they cannot find another job, in one case a female professor for Germanistik was complaining about her work in an elementary school, but there are no vacancies for such academics, regardless if they are men or women.4 – Yes, true, electricians (who are not academics) and stay with their company for over 20 years are paid better than a female academic, who just graduated in 'women studies' and is looking for a job in government social services.5 – There are also overtime payments, work on Sunday and banking holidays, nighttime work to consider. There are more men than women doing these jobs. Not every job is from Monday to Friday, from 9 AM to 5 PM.Result: The salary gap does not exist, and if you think, it does, let us know the companies, which create the salary gap. Different pay is about different choice, about what you are willing to work, about demand and supply, and not if you are a male or a female, at least this is the situation in Continental/Northern Europe.
>"Being a man (I am assuming), saying that you would choose sanitation (for example) over working in child care wouldn't raise an eyebrow, people wouldn't be surprised at all, regardless of whether the wages were comparable or not…but try saying the reverse and you'd probably raise quite a few eyebrows."I would do more than just raise eyebrows; many people would suspect me of being a pedophile and sexual predator and choosing that job because I wanted access to vulnerable children. On the other hand, if you expressed a desire to work in sanitation, nobody would suspect you of being up to anything criminal.The amount of upper-body strength required to work in sanitation is nowhere near as much as what is required to be a firefighter; most women are capable of working in sanitation, yet feminists don't push for greater numbers of women in this field. That was my point, and it still stands no matter what you say about firefighters. "Actually, the demand for day care outstrips the supply, so the lower pay, at least in this particular case, is not a simple case of supply and demand."Absolutely not true where I live. Perhaps this is true where you live, but that would then translate to higher pay for daycare workers there, which then get lost in the average. Feminists love averages because they hide annoying details that contradict their arguments.
>Thanks for that Yohan. Here in Ireland it was found that the best way to close the gap would be to give men the same flexibility and ability to take time off that women have. Anyway, I think that the average wage gap is an illusion created by the fact that the family wage is counted as a male wage, when in fact its both a male and female wage. Cold, I dont think child care and sanitation are comparable anyway. I've known a number of women that work with children that say that they love their jobs, sanitation is a lower order, unpleasant job that people generally only do to in order to survive.
>IR: Warren Farrell was not the chair of NOW. He was for several years on the board of a local (NYC) chapter of NOW. His argument about "dangerous jobs" is discussed in one of the links I gave.
>David, Farrell never said that dangerous jobs were the cause of wage gap, thats just something that you said he said so you could attack it.He said that its a contributing factor.He points out some very obvious truths -Ill use the corporate world as an example of what he is saying – that if women chose to work in the corporate world in the same numbers and for as long that men do that there would be no gap or ceiling, same goes for politics and so on. And he pointed to lots of jobs that women are not choosing to do that pay better than the ones they tend to chose as well as many jobs that pay women much better than men that women tend not to do.If a woman is enjoying working with children but is unhappy with her wage, she can chose a job that offers less personal reward and more dirt and drudgery but pays more.Of course in order for feminism to seem relevant, these truths are relegated to the status of heresy because feminism needs the existence of some unseen hand / top down conspiracy to fear monger, money raise and rabble rouse with.And you argued above that sanitation pays better than child care, so you are flip flopping between, there is no danger/dirt premium and there is depending on whichever position suits your agenda at the time.
>Here is some progress, there is a drive to get men back into school teaching after feminist anti male propaganda drove them out to the detriment of boys and the education system, another evil mra myth driven agenda to you, no doubt.http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1324905/Pupils-make-effort-male-teachers-seen-fair.html